How is zoopharmacognosy studied

A secondary plant metabolite may be detrimental if not needed, but can confer great health benefits when required. Ingraham Applied Zoopharmacognosy uses the sensory language both humans and non-humans understand. An animal's world is a tapestry of smell, which largely defines the way they think and behave. Appropriate remedies are offered to either recall memory, induce trust or to help find hidden problems that might be causing behavioural disorders, as well as for physical health.

Considering that animals have many of these pharmacologically active plants in their habitats, it should not be surprising to discover that they use plants to their advantage. The Ingraham Sensory Modulation Theory explains how an innate ability to self-medicate on appropriate plants is possible. Animals are born pre-setup with multiple signaling pathways that link different problems to different olfactory and gustatory pathways.

Therefore everything is based on internal signals, there is no requirement for the animal to learn which therapeutic plants are the most appropriate for any given condition. This can be seen with newborns, caterpillars, and through to elephants.

For instance, during the domestication of honeybees, beekeepers have selected for bees that collect less resin because large quantities of resin make the harvesting of honey more difficult [12]. Given the delicate nature of beehives and the propensity of colonies to disease, beekeepers may want to alter their stance on resin.

With antibiotic resistance on the rise, we are always in need of new avenues of drug discovery. Maybe the next big treatment for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA or tuberculosis is already being used by some of our favorite insect zoopharmacognosists. Abbott, J. Self-medication in insects: current evidence and future perspectives. Ecological Entomology 39, Do monarch butterflies use drugs?

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