Additionally, the coxswain usually coaches the other athletes to stay in-sync by shouting commands. In scull racing, there is no coxswain present, and the athletes must steer the ship with their oars as they row. In coxless racing, there is no coxswain present, and the athletes use a rubber cable to help steer the boat. Athletes who only use one oar are sweep rowers and typically use both hands on one oar. Athletes who use one oar per hand are scullers.
The referee indicates the start of a race by waving a red flag or shining green light, after this the race begins and is seen out until completion unless there is a false start by a crew. A false start can be called by the referee in the event that the front of a crew's boat crosses the starting line before the red flag is waved or the green light is shone.
In this case, the referee can call a false start and issue a warning to the guilty crew. If a crew is warned twice for a false start they may be disqualified.
In rowing, the exact rules usually depend upon where the race is occurring. Most countries that partake in rowing have their own specific rules that all competitors must follow if within the county's governance. The race begins with all boats aligned at the start in the lanes they've been assigned.
Individuals in each lane hold the stern of each boat steady while an official, known as the aligner, ensures that each boat is even with the others and squarely facing the course. Each crew is allowed one false start; two means disqualification. If within the first meters there is legitimate equipment breakage e.
However, higher stroke rates are not always indicative of speed. A strong, technically talented crew may be able to cover more water faster than a less-capable crew rowing a high stroke rate.
An official follows the crews to ensure safety and fairness. In , rowing was inaugurated into the modern Olympics, but bad weather forced officials to cancel the event.
Like most sports, rowing breaks down into different types of events and groups. There are two types of rowing events — sculling and sweep rowing — and each event breaks down into lightweight and open weight. When it comes to the open categories, any athlete can join, regardless of weight. For lightweight events, men must not exceed pounds, and the calculated average weight among athletes in one boat must not exceed pounds. Events then break down by age. Next is the under category, and then masters.
These masters events usually divide into age subcategories by letter designation, and athletes of all ages are welcome to row in open events. Most U. This race is known as the sprint race , used in national, collegiate, worlds and Olympic competitions.
There are six to eight lanes with every meter section marked with buoys. However, junior races are typically 1, meters, and masters are 1, meters. At the beginning of the race, boats line up in assigned lanes while someone in each lane holds the stern of the boat still. An official, often referred to as the aligner, examines each boat to ensure all boats are squarely facing the course and are in even positions at the start. Crews are allowed one false start in the race but are disqualified if they do it twice.
In cases where equipment breaks within the first meters, such as a broken oar, they stop the race and restart it once the crew has repaired equipment. Following the sprint race, rowers usually row for another five to ten minutes as a cool down. In the fall, rowers may also compete in head races, which are 2. In this race, boats in each division start separately at second intervals and row along rivers with obstacles like bridges or turns.
The winning crew of a head race has the shortest time between the start and finish. Boats are essential to the sport of rowing. While you may hear them simply referred to as boats, rowing boats are also frequently called shells. They are made from lightweight carbon fiber and reinforced plastic. Since shells are crucial to rowing, many crews will even give their rowing shells names to honor their importance.
Sometimes athletes name their boat in honor of alumni, a coach, a team goal or a mantra. There are two main types of rowing shells — crew boats and sculling boats. There are also different types of boats according to the number of people inside.
Just as there are different boats for rowing, there are also different boats specifically for sculling — where athletes each use two oars, also known as sculls, instead of one. The different types include:. Positioning rowing team members is a systematic process. Each athlete is identified by their seat number in the boat.
For example, the person sitting in the bow will cross the finish line first, so that seat is known as the number one seat, or bow seat. The person behind the bow is seat number two, then seat number three and so on until seat number eight, which some refer to as the stroke. Some rowing races that do not use the standard length include dash or sprint rowing races and marathon or ultra-marathon races.
A dash race can be as short as meters long, while an ultra-marathon can be as long as km. Dan Harriman began writing professionally in and has a varied background in marketing, ranging from sports management to music promotion. Harriman holds a Bachelor of Science in journalism with an emphasis on strategic communications from the University of Kansas and earned the International Advertising Association's diploma in marketing communications.
By: Dan Harriman.
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